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Jeroen W. Pluimers on .NET, C#, Delphi, databases, and personal interests

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Archive for the ‘Encoding’ Category

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Default XML encoding is UTF-8 (or better: utf-8). If it contains other byte sequences, this is an error.

Posted by jpluimers on 2021/01/21

I should have had the below answer when writing about StUF – receiving data from a provider where UTF-8 is in fact ISO-8859.

A while ago, a co-worker did not believe when I told that default XML encoding really is UTF-8 (and tried to force it to utf-8), and that if the content had byte sequences different from the (either specified or default) encoding, it was a problem.

I though I blogged about the default, and where to find it, but apparently, I did not.

My blog had (and has <g>) a truckload of articles mentioning UTF-8, less articles containing UTF-8, encoding and xml, but the ones having UTF-8, default, encoding and xml did not actually tell about a standard that really defines XML uses UTF-8 as default encoding when there is no other encoding information – like BOM (byte order mark), HTTP, or MIME encoding) available.

W3C indeed specifies it. [WayBack] utf 8 – How default is the default encoding (UTF-8) in the XML Declaration? – Stack Overflow has a summary (thanks James Holderness!):

The Short Answer

Under the very specific circumstances of a UTF-8 encoded document with no external encoding information (which I understand from the comments is what you’re interested in), there is no difference between the two declarations.

The long answer is far more interesting though.

and an elaboration:

Read the rest of this entry »

Posted in Development, Encoding, Software Development, UTF-8, UTF8, XML, XML/XSD | Leave a Comment »

Unicode is hard, also for the Delphi compiler and IDE

Posted by jpluimers on 2020/10/13

The Delphi compiler does not see a unicode non-breaking space (0x00A0 as whitespace, and the Delphi IDE does not warn you about it: [WayBack] Delphi revelations #2 – Space characters are not just space characters.

Given that this character was introduced in 1993, I wonder how the compiler tests look like.

These also will not be recognised as whitespace:

Related, as many other tools also do not properly support various whitespace characters:

Via: [WayBack] A Delphi “Aha” experience – Kim Madsen – Google+

–jeroen

Posted in Delphi, Development, Software Development, Unicode | Leave a Comment »

Which encoding failure did encode “vóór” into “v3/43/4r”? – Stack Overflow

Posted by jpluimers on 2020/02/24

From quite some time ago, but still very relevant as encoding issues keep occurring:

A while ago, I saw the text “v3/43/4r” in a document.I know it comes from “vóór” (the acute accent emphasises in Dutch), and wonder which encoding failure was applied to get this wrong.

Source: [WayBack] Which encoding failure did encode “vóór” into “v3/43/4r”? – Stack Overflow

From the [WayBack] answer by rodrigo:

  • ó: is U+00F3, and occupies the same codepoint (0xF3) in a lot of different encodings (most ISO-8859-* and most western Windows-*).
  • In CP850 the codepint 0xF3 is ¾ (U+00BE), that is the three-quarters character. It is the same in other, less used, codepages (CP775, CP856, CP857, CP858).
  • The ¾ is sometimes transliterated to 3/4 when the character is not directly available.

And there you are! “vóór” -> “v¾¾r” -> “v3/43/4r”.

The first part (ó -> ¾) is the usual corruption of ANSI vs. OEM codepages in the Western Windows versions (in my country ANSI=Windows-1252, OEM=CP850). You can see it easily creating a file with NOTEPAD, writing vóór and dumping it in a command prompt with type.

–jeroen

Posted in CP850, Development, Encoding, Software Development, UTF-8, UTF8, Windows-1252 | Leave a Comment »

Hamburger menu character on unicode: use U+2261 instead of U+2630

Posted by jpluimers on 2020/01/27

Not all fonts have Unicode character ☰ [WayBack] Unicode Character ‘TRIGRAM FOR HEAVEN’ (U+2630) as it is in a less common block.

More fonts have Unicode character ≡ [WayBack] Unicode Character ‘IDENTICAL TO’ (U+2261)

The latter is slightly shorter and slightly narrower than the former, but works in way more places.

Via [WayBack] html – Unicode ☰ hamburger not displaying in Android & Chrome – Stack Overflow

I’ve worked around this problem by using the UNICODE character UNICODE U+2261 (8801), ≡ IDENTICAL TO as illustrated below rather than the UNICODE U+2630 (9776) ☰ TRIGRAM FOR HEAVEN which

–jeroen

Posted in Development, Encoding, LifeHacker, Power User, Software Development, Unicode | Leave a Comment »

Delphi, decoding files to strings and finding line endings: some links, some history on Windows NT and UTF/UCS encodings

Posted by jpluimers on 2019/12/31

A while back there were a few G+ threads sprouted by David Heffernan on decoding big files into line-ending splitted strings:

Code comparison:

Python:

with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-16-le') as f:
  for line in f:
    pass

Delphi:

for Line in TLineReader.FromFile(filename, TEncoding.Unicode) do
  ;

This spurred some nice observations and unfounded statements on which encodings should be used, so I posted a bit of history that is included below.

Some tips and observations from the links:

  • Good old text files are not “good” with Unicode support, neither are TextFile Device Drivers; nobody has written a driver supporting a wide range of encodings as of yet.
  • Good old text files are slow as well, even with a changed SetTextBuffer
  • When using the TStreamReader, the decoding takes much more time than the actual reading, which means that [WayBack] Faster FileStream with TBufferedFileStream • DelphiABall does not help much
  • TStringList.LoadFromFile, though fast, is a memory allocation dork and has limits on string size
  • Delphi RTL code is not what it used to be: pre-Delphi Unicode RTL code is of far better quality than Delphi 2009 and up RTL code
  • Supporting various encodings is important
  • EBCDIC days: three kinds of spaces, two kinds of hyphens, multiple codepages
  • Strings are just that: strings. It’s about the encoding from/to the file that needs to be optimal.
  • When processing large files, caching only makes sense when the file fits in memory. Otherwise caching just adds overhead.
  • On Windows, if you read a big text file into memory, open the file in “sequential read” mode, to disable caching. Use the FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN flag under Windows, as stated at [WayBack] How do FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN and FILE_FLAG_RANDOM_ACCESS affect how the operating system treats my file? – The Old New Thing
  • Python string reading depends on the way you read files (ASCII or Unicode); see [WayBack] unicode – Python codecs line ending – Stack Overflow

Though TLineReader is not part of the RTL, I think it is from [WayBack] For-in Enumeration – ADUG.

Encodings in use

It doesn’t help that on the Windows Console, various encodings are used:

Good reading here is [WayBack] c++ – What unicode encoding (UTF-8, UTF-16, other) does Windows use for its Unicode data types? – Stack Overflow

Encoding history

+A. Bouchez I’m with +David Heffernan here:

At its release in 1993, Windows NT was very early in supporting Unicode. Development of Windows NT started in 1990 where they opted for UCS-2 having 2 bytes per character and had a non-required annex on UTF-1.

UTF-1 – that later evolved into UTF-8 – did not even exist at that time. Even UCS-2 was still young: it got designed in 1989. UTF-8 was outlined late 1992 and became a standard in 1993

Some references:

–jeroen

Read the rest of this entry »

Posted in Delphi, Development, Encoding, PowerShell, PowerShell, Python, Scripting, Software Development, The Old New Thing, Unicode, UTF-16, UTF-8, Windows Development | Leave a Comment »

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