Still a cool video. Many shortcuts for various operating systems and machines, including BBC B, Linux, Windows, and MacOS.
–jeroen
Archive for the ‘Apple’ Category
Favourite Shortcut Key? (Soundcheck Question) – Computerphile – YouTube
Posted by jpluimers on 2021/08/20
Posted in *nix, 6502, Apple, BBC Micro B, History, Linux, Mac OS X / OS X / MacOS, Power User, Windows | Leave a Comment »
Some links on getting MacOS network interfaces and DHCP information
Posted by jpluimers on 2021/07/30
One day I’ll put this in a script that shows all DHCP information for all network interfaces.
For now some links I will need when writing that script.
Many of the below commands are also in [WayBack/Archive] Command-Line Tools: The Missing Manpages (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks).
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Listing information on all active interfaces on MacOS part 1: getting the active interface names
Posted by jpluimers on 2021/07/29
Listing Listing information on all active interfaces on MacOS is a process involving multiple pieces, which then can be combined together.
Listing all active interfaces try 1
This involves both the -l (list with optional criteria) and -u parameter (the up criterion) as per excerpts from the [Archive.is] ifconfig(8) [osx man page] / [WayBack] ifconfig Man Page – macOS – SS64.com:
NAME ifconfig -- configure network interface parameters SYNOPSIS ... ifconfig -l [-d] [-u] [address_family] ... DESCRIPTION The ifconfig utility is used to assign an address to a network interface and/or configure network interface parameters. The following options are available: ... address_family Specify the address family which affects interpretation of the remaining parameters. Since an interface can receive transmissions in differing protocols with different naming schemes, specifying the address family is recommended. The address or protocol fami- lies currently supported are ``inet'', ``inet6'', and ``link''. The default is ``inet''. ``ether'' and ``lladdr'' are synonyms for ``link''. ... The -l flag may be used to list all available interfaces on the system, with no other additional information. Use of this flag is mutually exclusive with all other flags and commands, except for -d (only list interfaces that are down) and -u (only list interfaces that are up).
Example:
ifconfig -l -u
Each interface on one line:
ifconfig -l -u | xargs -n1 echo
The problem is that on my system, it also lists bridges as active, whereas they are not:
# ifconfig -l -u | xargs -n1 echo lo0 en1 en2 en0 p2p0 awdl0 bridge0 utun0 en10 # ifconfig bridge0 bridge0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 options=63<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,TSO4,TSO6> ether 6a:00:02:9a:23:f0 Configuration: id 0:0:0:0:0:0 priority 0 hellotime 0 fwddelay 0 maxage 0 holdcnt 0 proto stp maxaddr 100 timeout 1200 root id 0:0:0:0:0:0 priority 0 ifcost 0 port 0 ipfilter disabled flags 0x2 member: en1 flags=3<LEARNING,DISCOVER> ifmaxaddr 0 port 5 priority 0 path cost 0 member: en2 flags=3<LEARNING,DISCOVER> ifmaxaddr 0 port 6 priority 0 path cost 0 Address cache: nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD> media: status: inactive
So this is where the MacOS and BSD documentation is inaccurate.
Interface types
The above interfaces are many more than just ethernet or WiFi interfaces; there is a list at [WayBack] macos – What are en0, en1, p2p, and so on, that are displayed after executing ifconfig? – Stack Overflow by [WayBack] mcint:
In arbitrary order of my familarity / widespread relevance:
lo0is loopback.
en0at one point “ethernet”, now is WiFi (and I have no idea what extraen1oren2are used for).
fw0is the FireWire network interface.
stf0is an IPv6 to IPv4 tunnel interface to support the transition from IPv4 to the IPv6 standard.
gif0is a more generic tunneling interface [46]-to-[46].
awdl0is Apple Wireless Direct Link
p2p0is related to AWDL features. Either as an old version, or virtual interface with different semantics thanawdl.…
many VPNs will add additional devices, often “
utun#” or “utap#” following TUN/TAP (L3/L2)virtual networking devices.
More on AWDL at [WayBack] ios – What is AWDL (Apple Wireless Direct Link) and how does it work? – Stack Overflow.
Listing all active interfaces try 2
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Listing information on all active interfaces on MacOS part 2: adding DHCP/BOOTP and routing details
Posted by jpluimers on 2021/07/27
This is a continuation of yesterdays
Listing information on all active interfaces on MacOS part 1: getting the active interface names.
It is based on ideas in these StackExchange posts:
- [WayBack] shell – Extracting ip address and interface name from ifconfig – Stack Overflow
- [WayBack] bash – Show active interfaces in terminal – Stack Overflow
I threw most of the implementation details in the ideas away, as they were way to much based on empirical trial and error, than proper research.
So I tried doing the research and came up with the things below.
Getting the IPv4 address and DHCP/BOOTP information of a NIC
By using the ipconfig command, you can get specific details for a NIC like an IPv4 (with the getifaddr) or DHCP (with the getpacket option to get the latest DHCP packet):
for i in $(ifconfig -l -u); do if ifconfig $i | grep -q "status: active" ; then echo $i; fi; done | xargs -n1 -I_nic_ sh -c 'echo "_nic_: $(ipconfig getifaddr _nic_)"'
or DHCP/BOOTP:
for i in $(ifconfig -l -u); do if ifconfig $i | grep -q "status: active" ; then echo $i; fi; done | xargs -n1 -I_nic_ sh -c 'echo "_nic_: $(ipconfig getpacket _nic_)"'
The latter returns a very long list, which I wanted to shorten into a more readable format.
ipconfig syntax
You can find more information in the [Archive.is] ipconfig(8) [osx man page] / [WayBack] ipconfig Man Page – macOS – SS64.com excerpt:
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How to toggle finder’s “Keep Both” vs. “Skip”, and when copying or moving files – why does the “default” seem to change?
Posted by jpluimers on 2021/07/02
Based on:
- [WayBack] Finder’s “Keep Both” vs. “Skip” when copying files – why does the “default” seem to change? – Apple Community
- [WayBack] macos – Why is Lion’s “Keep Both” option missing from the file copy dialog? – Ask Different
Via macos “keep both” versus “skip” – Google Search
When copying or moving files on MacOS using the Finder, sometimes you get a popup with chooses “Skip”, “Stop”, “Replace”, but at other times “Keep Both”, “Stop”, “Replace”.
Empirically:
- “Keep Both” happens with less than 5 duplicate file names
- “Skip” happens with 5 or more 5 duplicate file names
- The “Alt” or “Option” key toggles between “Keep Both” and “Skip”
- This was introduced around OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion, as it used to be always “Keep Both” in all Mac OS X versions up to and including Mac OS X 10.7 Lion. The new behaviour has stayed in all OS X and macOS versions since.
–jeroen
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Need to figure uit: MacOS High Sierra suddenly holding a key down does not produce an accented character any more
Posted by jpluimers on 2021/06/21
Logging on as a different user, holding a vowel key produces a small menu with accented characters.
Inspecting the keyboard preferences for both users did not show obvious differences.
On my list to figure out if it ever happens again.
These links might help me then:
- [WayBack] Fix keyboard input not behaving properly in OS X – CNET
- [WayBack] keyboard – Character Accent Menu doesn’t appear anymore in macOS Sierra – Ask Different
- [WayBack] How to type accented letters in macOS three different ways
- [WayBack] How to Type Accents on Mac the Easy Way
This failed me on a few occasions so far.
Sometimes a reboot is required. Sometimes quitting the most memory hungry applications, then restarting them (Chrome! Microsoft Remote Desktop!) re-enables it.
Related twitter thread below.
- [WayBack] Daniel Terhorst-North on Twitter: “TIL: press and hold a vowel on a Mac keyboard to get a pop-up for accents, just like iOS does. I assumed it would repeat the key. WHY DID NO ONE TELL ME? I’ve been mucking about with Alt-keys all this time.”
- [WayBack] Andreas Möller on Twitter: “Also works for consonants!… “
- [WayBack] Jon Topper on Twitter: “But *only* in applications that use the core input libraries. It doesn’t work on everything, which is confusing af.… “
- [WayBack] Kristof on Twitter: “I discovered it when trying to type “Nooooooooo”… “
- [WayBack] Jeroen Pluimers on Twitter: “The odd thing: this suddenly stopped working, then started working again after reboot.… “
- [WayBack] Daniel Terhorst-North on Twitter: “Reminds me of the Windows haiku: Yesterday it worked. Today it is not working. Windows is like that.… “
Reminds me of the Windows haiku:
Yesterday it worked.
Today it is not working.
Windows is like that. - [WayBack] Jeroen Pluimers on Twitter: “Now we can
s/Windows/MacOS/g(; In another case, quitting a bunch of applications, then restarting them, resolved the issue.… “ - [WayBack] Jeroen Pluimers on Twitter: “Luckily, that happens only in rare occasions, which means that almost all the time this feature works. Which is great, as it is such a time saver over other input methods in other desktop operating systems. Android @SwiftKey can do this too, and I love it.… “
Learned new shortcut Command+Option+Space: shows the character viewer:
More of these at [WayBack] Mac keyboard shortcuts – Apple Support
There I learned about these Sleep, log out, and shut down shortcuts:
You might need to press and hold some of these shortcuts for slightly longer than other shortcuts. This helps you to avoid using them unintentionally.
- Power button: Press to turn on your Mac or wake it from sleep. Press and hold for 1.5 seconds to put your Mac to sleep.* Continue holding to force your Mac to turn off.
- Option–Command–Power button* or Option–Command–Media Eject
: Put your Mac to sleep.
- Control–Shift–Power button* or Control–Shift–Media Eject
- Control–Power button* or Control–Media Eject
- Control–Command–Power button:* Force your Mac to restart, without prompting to save any open and unsaved documents.
- Control–Command–Media Eject
- Control–Option–Command–Power button* or Control–Option–Command–Media Eject
- Shift-Command-Q: Log out of your macOS user account. You will be asked to confirm. To log out immediately without confirming, press Option-Shift-Command-Q.
* Does not apply to the Touch ID sensor.
–jeroen
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VMware VMRC: connect to a remote console without the vSphere Client
Posted by jpluimers on 2021/06/21
Interesting tool: https://www.vmware.com/go/download-vmrc.
Back when scheduling this post in 2019, this was the most recent version: [WayBack] Download VMware vSphere: Download VMware Remote Console 10.0.4
- WayBack: VMware Remote Console 10.0.4 for Windows (zip)
- WayBack: VMware Remote Console 10.0.4 for Mac (dmg)
- WayBack: VMware Remote Console 10.0.4 for Linux (bundle)
From [WayBack] ovf – How to connect ESXi vm console from ESXi host console – Stack Overflow:
Example of vmrc.exe command :
"C:\Program Files (x86)\VMware\VMware Remote Console\vmrc.exe" vmrc://<ESXi host username>@<ESXi host IP>/?moid=<VM ID>
Basically it uses the vmrc scheme to start a connection to the remote screen for a specific MoRef ID. On ESXi, this is actually the VM ID that you get from vim-cmd vmsvc/getallvms. In that sense this is very similar to getting a single screenshot for the VM from the ESXi host by using the https://%5BHOST%5D:%5BPORT%5D/?id=%5BVM-MOREF%5D like described in ESXi and VMware Workstation: quick way of getting Console screenshots in PNG format; some URLs on your ESXi machine.
In MacOS, starting VMware Remote Console is slightly different as you have to start it through a URI using using the vmrc scheme from either a browser or with the open command on the console.
The reason is that there is no vmrc binary on MacOS.
- [WayBack] Using VMware’s Standalone Remote Console for OS X with free ESXi | Der Flounder:
vmrc://@[HOST]:[PORT]/?moid=[VM-MOREF]- HOST = the hostname or IP address of the ESXi server
- PORT = the HTTPS port of the ESXi server, which is usually 443
…
open 'vmrc://@server_name_here:port_number_here/?moid=vmid_number_here'
- [WayBack] Standalone VMRC now available for Mac OS X:
just provide the following URI which will prompt for your ESXi credentials
vmrc://@[HOST]:[PORT]/?moid=[VM-MOREF]Once you have generated the VMRC URI, you MUST launch it through a web browser as that is how it is passed directly to the Standalone VMRC application. In my opinion, this is not ideal especially for customers who wish to automatically generate this as part of a VM provisioning workflow to their end users and not having to require a browser to launch the Standalone VMRC application. If you have some feedback on this, please do leave a comment.
In the mean time, a quick workaround is to use the “open” command on Mac OS X along with the VMRC URI which will automatically load it into your default browser and launch the Standalone VMRC application for you.
open 'vmrc://@192.168.1.60:443/?moid=vm-18'
On one of my test systems, for VMID 3 (see below), this comes down to this:
open 'vmrc://@192.168.71.94:443/?moid=3'
Note you have to accept the ESXi self generated TLS certificate once on MacOS:
After this, these processes were started (note there is no vmrc like on Windows):
± ps -ax | grep -i "\(vmware\|vmrc\)"
65239 ?? 0:04.15 /Applications/VMware Remote Console.app/Contents/MacOS/VMware Remote Console
65343 ?? 0:00.01 /Applications/VMware Remote Console.app/Contents/Library/services/VMRC Services 3 4
65360 ?? 0:00.16 /Applications/VMware Remote Console.app/Contents/Library/vmware-usbarbitrator
65363 ?? 0:00.01 /Applications/VMware Remote Console.app/Contents/Library/services/VMware USB Arbitrator Service 3 4
65393 ?? 0:01.29 /Applications/VMware Remote Console.app/Contents/Library/vmware-remotemks -@ vmdbPipeHandle=42; vm=_7FD2A461E8E0_3; gui=true -H 44 -R -P 2 -# product=256;name=VMware Remote Console;version=10.0.1;buildnumber=5898794;licensename=VMware Remote Console;licenseversion=10.0; -s libdir=/dev/null/Non-existing DEFAULT_LIBDIRECTORY
65872 ttys001 0:00.00 grep -i \(vmware\|vmrc\)
VM IDs (or VM-MOREFs)
You get the VM IDs using the vim-cmd vmsvc/getallvms command; they appear in the left column:
[root@ESXi-X9SRI-3F:/] vim-cmd vmsvc/getallvms Vmid Name File Guest OS Version Annotation 1 Lampje [EVO860_250GB] Lampje/Lampje.vmx opensuse64Guest vmx-14 3 X9SRI-3F-W10P-NL [EVO860_250GB] X9SRI-3F-W10P-NL/X9SRI-3F-W10P-NL.vmx windows9_64Guest vmx-14
Note that in practice, this is much harder so I wrote a script for that which you can find in VMware ESXi console: viewing all VMs, suspending and waking them up: part 1.
bundle files
I did not know about bundle files, but they seem to be sh scripts that precede a binary: [WayBack] What is a .bundle file and how do I run it? – Super User.
Inspecting such a files, shows it starts with this code:
#!/usr/bin/env bash # # VMware Installer Launcher # # This is the executable stub to check if the VMware Installer Service # is installed and if so, launch it. If it is not installed, the # attached payload is extracted, the VMIS is installed, and the VMIS # is launched to install the bundle as normal. # Architecture this bundle was built for (x86 or x64) ARCH=x64 if [ -z "$BASH" ]; then # $- expands to the current options so things like -x get passed through if [ ! -z "$-" ]; then opts="-$-" fi # dash flips out of $opts is quoted, so don't. exec /usr/bin/env bash $opts "$0" "$@" echo "Unable to restart with bash shell" exit 1 fi
–jeroen
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MacOS: killing Chrome from the terminal
Posted by jpluimers on 2021/06/14
Every now and then, Chrome hangs to badly on MacOS that the whole Mac GUI becomes unresponsive so even the “Force Quit” dialog does not appear.
Sometimes you are lucky enough that you have a (remote) terminal shell open.
Then you can do either of these:
- Less hard kill:
killall 'Google Chrome'killall Google\ Chrome
- Hard kill:
killall -9 'Google Chrome'killall -9 Google\ Chrome
The less hard kill sometimes brings up an unresponsive task and still allows you to save any changed.
Via:
- [WayBack] macos – How can I kill a non-responding app? – Ask Different
- [WayBack] terminal – Chrome won’t quit! (Mac Yosemite) – Ask Different
–jeroen
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2 x Speakers surround replacement – Designed for Apple G4 Cube M7963 | eBay
Posted by jpluimers on 2021/05/24
For my link archive: [Wayback/Archive.is] 2 x Speakers surround replacement – Designed for Apple G4 Cube M7963 | eBay
Via: [Archive.is] Power Macintosh G4 Cube Owners Group : Hi Guys. Just for you to be aware, this is my product, specifically designed and produced by me to repair the Apple G4 Cube speakers | Facebook
–jeroen
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MacOS: when “Command-Tab” does not work (no visual response, no application switching) you need to restart the Dock
Posted by jpluimers on 2021/05/21
Based on [WayBack] Command-Tab Not working….. – Apple Community
If you go to Activity monitor and search for dock, doubleclick on it, choose Force quit.
It will restart the Dock app and now it should work.
I wrote this alias which restarts Dock (including Dashboard and Spaces as they are served by the same process).
alias restart-dock-dashboard-spaces='killall -KILL Dock'
Related: my 2013 post Mac: Restarting the Mac OS X Dock, Finder, Spaces or Menubar | Stefan Ernst.
–jeroen
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The Wiert Corner - irregular stream of stuff 