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Posted by jpluimers on 2020/04/20
This was much easier than I hoped for: the zypper verbs search and install both support the --type pattern argument.
After that, the names for them are pattern names instead of the normal package names.
So for instance:
zypper search --type pattern
zypper install -type pattern kde kde_plasmaaa
Sources:
–jeroen
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Posted by jpluimers on 2020/02/04
[WayBack] I love installers that can download and install in parallel threads. Embarcadero and Zypper can learn from this. – Jeroen Wiert Pluimers – Google+
Most Linux distributions have package managers that can do this (apt and yum can), but OpenSuSE zypper (actually ZYpp) cannot even download packages in parallel:
Embarcadero is in the same state as zypper.
–jeroen
Posted in *nix, Development, openSuSE, Power User, Software Development, SuSE Linux, Tumbleweed | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2020/01/20
When you look at how to find listed cron jobs, usually the answer is cron -l or cron -u username -l.
However, on OpenSuSE systems, cron jobs can be in different places, and the sysconfig settings have influence on them too.
These files and directories all influence cron:
Directories:
/etc/cron.d/
/etc/cron.daily/
/etc/cron.hourly/
/etc/cron.monthly/
/etc/cron.weekly/
Files:
/etc/sysconfig/cron
/etc/init.d/rc2.d/K01cron
/etc/init.d/rc2.d/S14cron
/etc/init.d/rc3.d/K01cron
/etc/init.d/rc3.d/S14cron
/etc/init.d/rc5.d/K01cron
/etc/init.d/rc5.d/S14cron
/etc/init.d/cron
/etc/news/crontab.sample
/etc/pam.d/crond
/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cron.service
/etc/omc/srvinfo.d/cron.xml
/etc/cron.deny
/etc/crontab
Most are available for other Linux distributions as well, but each one might have slightly different configurations (especially for the directories). Some background reading:
Some details:
crontab -l will only list what is in /etc/crontab./etc/sysconfig/cron, especially the DAILY_TIME variable (see below) for the daily jobs./usr/lib/cron/run-crons:/etc/cron.daily/
/etc/cron.hourly/
/etc/cron.monthly/
/etc/cron.weekly//var/spool/cron/lastrun/cron.weekly
/var/spool/cron/lastrun/cron.daily
/var/spool/cron/lastrun/cron.hourlyThe DAILY_TIME variable:
## Type: string
## Default: ""
#
# At which time cron.daily should start. Default is 15 minutes after booting
# the system. Example setting would be "14:00".
# Due to the fact that cron script runs only every 15 minutes,
# it will only run on xx:00, xx:15, xx:30, xx:45, not at the accurate time
# you set.
DAILY_TIME=""
–jeroen
Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, cron, Linux, openSuSE, Power User, SuSE Linux, Tumbleweed | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2019/10/24
For first time BIND named users on OpenSuSE there is often confusion on the relation between these directories:
/etc/named.d//var/lib/named/For example here someone else struggled: [WayBack] Re: Fwd: Re: [opensuse] Split DNS? Solved
This is how I inferred the workings:
The /etc/named.conf.include is re-generated at named start by running /usr/share/bind/createNamedConfInclude by including files that both match NAMED_CONF_INCLUDE_FILES in /etc/sysconfig/named and exist in the /etc/named.d/ directory.
At named startup, it also copies everything from /etc/named.d to /var/lib/named/etc/named.d
For details see
vendor-files.tar.bz2–jeroen
Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, bind-named, Linux, openSuSE, Power User, SuSE Linux | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2019/09/16
Dieser Artikel beschreibt, wie man einen eigenen Mechanismus für DNS-Updates als DynDNS-Alternative aufbaut.
Translated:
This article describes how you can create your own mechanism for DNS-updates as alternative for DynDNS.
Interesting read: [WayBack] Eigenes DynDNS mit Bind und Apache – CupRacer.de
Edit
The above post disappeared, but this one (which adds calling the DynDNS server from a Fritz!Box) is still up: [WayBack] Eigener DynDNS mit Bind, Apache und PHP | onderka.com with an update at [WayBack] Eigener DynDNS mit dnsmasq, Apache und PHP | onderka.com.
Source code for both:
Related and background reading:
–jeroen
Posted in *nix, bind-named, Linux, openSuSE, Power User, SuSE Linux, Tumbleweed | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2019/07/01
The snapper documentation itself is big and hard to grasp at once, so start here for a few examples on how to get going, or how to assess your current configuration:
For a very good snapper introduction seems to be gone, but was present in the OpenSuSE documentation archive circa version 13.2 at [WayBack] Chapter 4. Snapshots/Rollback with Snapper | ActiveDoc which I’ve quoted below.
Between that version and LEAP, the retention got moved from “timeline” based to “number” based. More on that in these links:
Man pages:
Introduction
4.1.1 snapshots and Disk Space #
When a snapshot is created, both the snapshot and the original point to the same blocks in the file system. So, initially a snapshot does not occupy additional disk space. If data in the original file system is modified, changed data blocks are copied while the old data blocks are kept for the snapshot. Therefore, a snapshot occupies the same amount of space as the data modified. So, over time, the amount of space a snapshot allocates, constantly grows. As a consequence, deleting files from a Btrfs file system containing snapshots may not free disk space!
Note: Snapshot Location
Snapshots always reside on the same partition or subvolume that has been snapshotted. It is not possible to store snapshots on a different partition or subvolume.
As a result, partitions containing snapshots need to be larger than “normal” partitions. The exact amount strongly depends on the number of snapshots you keep and the amount of data modifications. As a rule of thumb you should consider using twice the size than you normally would.
Tip: Freeing space / Disk Usage
In order to free space on a Btrfs partition containing snapshots you need to delete unneeded snapshots rather than files. Older snapshots occupy more space than recent ones.
Since the df does not show the correct disk usage on Btrfs file systems, you need to use the command btrfs filesystem df MOUNT_POINT. Displaying the amount of disk space a snapshot allocates is currently not supported by the Btrfs tools.
–jeroen
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Posted by jpluimers on 2019/06/07
`ls` colour codes
I got confused as I thought red text would mean an error.
But they’re not: greenish yellow on a read background means error (a symbolic link to a place that’s no longer there).
It’s the output of https://github.com/gkotian/gautam_linux/blob/master/scripts/colours.sh as the one at
Actually the script is here https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gkotian/gautam_linux/master/scripts/colours.sh as the one at [WayBack] command line – What do the different colors mean in the terminal? – Ask Ubuntu failed with errors like this one:
-bash: *.xbm: bad substitution
The full script output is below.
Since various terminals have a different mapping from colours in the ANSI escape code colour table, I used the standard HTML colours using (which slightly differs from the Terminal.app screenshot on the right):
LS_COLORS uses dircolors which depends on the ISO 6429 color encoding) ANSI escape code: Colors.References:
Note that the shell on Mac OS X uses a different way of configuring colours CLICOLOR as described in [WayBack] settings – CLICOLOR and LS_COLORS in bash – Unix & Linux Stack Exchange. I might cover that another day.
Script output:
Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, ANSI escape code, bash, CSS, Development, Encoding, HTML, HTML5, Linux, openSuSE, Power User, Software Development, SuSE Linux, Tumbleweed, Web Development | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2019/05/27
A while ago, I somehow had a damaged btrfs partition that I found out after the virtualisation host without reason decided to reboot.
I’m not sure what caused that (by now the machine has been retired as it was already getting a bit old), but btrfs was panicking shortly after boot, so the VM as is was unusable.
In the end I had to:
rsync -avloz over as much as I could/etc tree and my home directory for which I hadn’t yet pushed the git repositories).These didn’t work, but might work for others: [WayBack] SDB:BTRFS – openSUSE – How to repair a broken/unmountable btrfs filesystem
–jeroen
Posted in *nix, btrfs, File-Systems, Linux, openSuSE, Power User, SuSE Linux, Tumbleweed | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2019/04/22
I wondered [WayBack] linux – Why is this a binary multi-megabyte blob /etc/udev/hwdb.bin under /etc? – Unix & Linux Stack Exchange.
All my OpenSuSE systems had the /etc/udev/hwdb.bin file with sizes varying between 7.5 and 10 megabytes with many of the zypper dist-upgrade causing updates.
Luckily the system also contains these files which had valid unit definitions, so the file was generated/updated during boot:
/usr/bin/systemd-hwdb/usr/lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/systemd-hwdb-update.service/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-hwdb-update.serviceThanks [WayBack] nwildner for answering that question!
So after installing etckeeper and performing etckeeper init you can immediately remove it from the git repository:
# cd /etc
# git rm --cached /etc/udev/hwdb.bin
rm 'udev/hwdb.bin'
# git commit -m "no need for /etc/udev/hwdb.bin to be under revision control as systemd-hwdb maintains it"
For more background, see [WayBack] How to make Git “forget” about a file that was tracked but is now in .gitignore? – Stack Overflow.
–jeroen
Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, etckeeper, Linux, openSuSE, Power User, SuSE Linux, systemd, Tumbleweed | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2019/04/15
If you see the below in your Postfix log when trying to test your config, then the SASL configuration is empty. Oddly that seems the default on OpenSuSE for a while now, despite it providing cyrus SASL out of the box.
Sep 15 14:30:07 katrien postfix/smtpd[12719]: fatal: bad string length 0 < 1: smtpd_sasl_path =
Sep 15 14:30:08 katrien postfix/master[12400]: warning: process /usr/lib/postfix/smtpd pid 12719 exit status 1
Sep 15 14:30:08 katrien postfix/master[12400]: warning: /usr/lib/postfix/smtpd: bad command startup -- throttling
Prior OpenSuSE versions had this in /etc/postfix/main.cf:
# SASL stuff
############################################################
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = no
smtp_sasl_security_options =
smtp_sasl_password_maps =
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = no
#smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
#smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
Newer OpenSuSE versions have this:
# SASL stuff
############################################################
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = no
smtp_sasl_security_options =
smtp_sasl_password_maps =
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = no
# cyrus : smtpd_sasl_type = cyrus, smtpd_sasl_path = smtpd
# dovecot : smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot, smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_path =
smtpd_sasl_type =
Despite the newer having these installed:
# rpm -qa | grep cyrus
cyrus-sasl-crammd5-2.1.26-14.2.aarch64
cyrus-sasl-2.1.26-14.2.aarch64
cyrus-sasl-plain-2.1.26-14.2.aarch64
cyrus-sasl-digestmd5-2.1.26-14.2.aarch64
cyrus-sasl-gssapi-2.1.26-14.2.aarch64
Solution:
smtpd_sasl_path = smtpd
smtpd_sasl_type = cyrus
Since the values for both lines are default, you could even comment them out; see the documentation:
–jeroen
Via: [WayBack] postfix IRC logs [July 26 – 2007]
Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, Linux, openSuSE, postfix, Power User, SuSE Linux, Tumbleweed | Leave a Comment »
The Wiert Corner - irregular stream of stuff 