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Jeroen W. Pluimers on .NET, C#, Delphi, databases, and personal interests

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Archive for the ‘*nix-tools’ Category

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Converting sendmail .db files to text

Posted by jpluimers on 2016/09/15

If you want to inverse the work of newaliases, you can use makemap to convert them to text:

makemap -u hash access.db

This is quite handy to see if the newaliases indeed put all information into the db file (for instance if you use a script, you can verify it ran correctly).

It works for any db, but you need to be aware of the database format: hash type or btree type.

To my knowledge only one uses the btree type format:

  • userdb.db

All others use hash type format:

  • aliases.db
  • aliases-maillist.db
  • mailertable.db
  • genericstable.db
  • virtusertable.db
  • access.db
  • auth-info.db
  • domaintable.db

–jeroen

via: Reading Sendmail .db files.

Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, bash, Development, Linux, openSuSE, Power User, Scripting, Software Development, SuSE Linux | Leave a Comment »

ESXi: when esxtop shows garbage.

Posted by jpluimers on 2016/09/14

The ESXi console top to show processes is not available *, the alternative is esxtop. But that can show garbage because the ESXi console has a very limited support of terminals **.

For instance, when connecting from a Mac OS X terminal through ssh, this is my terminal:

# echo $TERM
xterm-256color

The solution:

TERM=xterm esxtop

–jeroen

via: VMware KB: Output of esxtop defaults to non-interactive CSV with unknown TermInfo.

Read the rest of this entry »

Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, bash, bash, Development, ESXi5, ESXi5.1, ESXi5.5, ESXi6, Power User, Scripting, Virtualization, VMware, VMware ESXi | 2 Comments »

Flush deferred messages in sendmail queue :: Stephan Paukner :: syslog

Posted by jpluimers on 2016/09/12

Be careful with setting the timeout of sendmail to zero when trying to flush the mail queue:

sendmail -OTimeout.hoststatus=0m -q -v

Reason: a lot of target systems do rate-limiting if you retry too much in too short time, for instance gmail does that:

421-4.7.0 [###.###.###.### 15] Our system has detected an unusual rate of
421-4.7.0 unsolicited mail originating from your IP address. To protect our
421-4.7.0 users from spam, mail sent from your IP address has been temporarily
421-4.7.0 rate limited. Please visit
421-4.7.0 https://support.google.com/mail/answer/81126 to review our Bulk Email
421 4.7.0 Senders Guidelines. w1si28749381wju.16 - gsmtp

–jeroen

via Flush deferred messages in sendmail queue :: Stephan Paukner :: syslog.

Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, Linux, openSuSE, Power User, SuSE Linux | Leave a Comment »

A bash script to btrfs snapshot details like disk sizes (requires btrfs quota to be enabled)

Posted by jpluimers on 2016/09/06

One thing I’ve not figured out yet is this: How does enabling btrfs quotas impact the system? – Unix & Linux Stack Exchange

My gut feeling says it’s not much. But if someone knows: please chime in.

Anyway: btrfs quota support helps you to see how big snapshots (and other subvolumes) are.

Enabling and disabling is easy (the slash is the path from where to enable quota):

btrfs quota enable /

btrfs quota disable /

The bad thing is that there is no command that gives just the quota status. You have to revert to btrfs qgroup show /

This will show you quota groups when quota are enabled:

qgroupid         rfer         excl 
--------         ----         ---- 
0/5          16.00KiB     16.00KiB

or errors when quota are disabled either of these two errors:

# btrfs qgroup show /
ERROR: can't perform the search - No such file or directory
ERROR: can't list qgroups: No such file or directory

# btrfs qgroup show /
ERROR: can't list qgroups: quotas not enabled

You might also want to check the syslogs as there was a [PATCH 1/2] btrfs: syslog when quota is enabled.

The btrfs qgroup output is the base for agronick/btrfs-size: A script that will print out a list of BTRFS subvolumes along with their size in megabytes and their name.

It actually shows it in human readable form (kilo/mega/giga/… bytes) and is documented at Get the size of your BTRFS Snapshots | PoisonPacket. It gives me a nice overview that corresponds to the snapper list output (see below).

The script has two drawbacks:

./btrfs-size/btrfs-size.sh: line 55: can't + 0: syntax error: invalid arithmetic operator (error token is "'t + 0")

  • it can take a while for btrfs quota enable / to actually deliver the quota for all the qgroupid values snapper uses. Until that time, the columns ID/Total/Exclusive Data are empty.
  • it won’t warn you if the quota data is out of data; to check that, run the below script

# btrfs qgroup show / > /dev/null
WARNING: Qgroup data inconsistent, rescan recommended

In that case, run btrfs quota rescan / and wait for it to complete by running this command until the warning is gone:

# btrfs qgroup show / > /dev/null
WARNING: Rescan is running, qgroup data may be incorrect

If the warning reverts to WARNING: Qgroup data inconsistent, rescan recommended then you might see the effects from this bug and should not worry about it: Bug 933428 – btrfs qgroup – allways shows WARNING: Qgroup data inconsistent.

For more btrfs quota background information, see: UseCases – btrfs Wiki.

–jeroen

Read the rest of this entry »

Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, bash, Development, Linux, openSuSE, Power User, Scripting, Software Development, SuSE Linux, Tumbleweed | 1 Comment »

tombh/texttop: A fully interactive X Linux desktop rendered in TTY and streamable over SSH

Posted by jpluimers on 2016/08/09

Wonder if I can get this to work from macOS / OS X as a client:

texttop – A fully interactive X Linux desktop rendered in TTY and streamable over SSH

Source: tombh/texttop: A fully interactive X Linux desktop rendered in TTY and streamable over SSH

via: Kristian Köhntopp – Google+

Read the rest of this entry »

Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, Communications Development, Development, Internet protocol suite, Linux, Power User, Software Development, SSH, TCP | Leave a Comment »

bash – How can I convert tabs to spaces in every file of a directory? – Stack Overflow

Posted by jpluimers on 2016/08/05

Kev:

Try the command line tool expand.

expand -t 4 input >output

Chrono Kitsune:

And for those systems that don’t use the GNU Core Utilities, you have a decent chance of expand being installed since it is standardized by The Open Group’s Single Unix Specification. See Issue 6, which is from 2001, though some updates were applied, hence the year of publication being 2004: expand

–jeroen

via bash – How can I convert tabs to spaces in every file of a directory? – Stack Overflow.

Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, bash, bash, Development, Linux, openSuSE, Power User, Scripting, Software Development, SuSE Linux | Leave a Comment »

moreutils: sponge

Posted by jpluimers on 2016/07/29

sponge, a great *nix tool part of moreutils:

sponge: soak up standard input and write to a file

Now need to figure out how to get it on Tumbleweed; maybe http://rpm.pbone.net/index.php3/stat/4/idpl/23781842/dir/opensuse/com/moreutils-0.48-1.1.i586.rpm.html

–jeroen

via: moreutils.

Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, Linux, openSuSE, Power User, SuSE Linux | Leave a Comment »

Woof – simply exchange files – one-time sharing of a file over http

Posted by jpluimers on 2016/06/22

Woof is a small simple stupid webserver that can easily be invoked on a single file. Your partner can access the file with tools he trusts (e.g. wget). No need to enter passwords on keyboards where you don’t know about keyboard sniffers, no need to start a huge lot of infrastructure, just do a

$ woof filenameand

tell the recipient the URL woof spits out. When he got that file, woof will quit and everything is done.And when someone wants to send you a file, woof has a switch to offer itself, so he can get woof and offer a file to you. …

Woof needs Python on a unix’ish operating system. Some people have used it successfully on Windows within the cygwin environment.

Source: Woof – simply exchange files

Works from homebrew on OS X.

via: Web Offer One File – Thomas Mueller (dummzeuch) – Google+

Source: Web Offer One File

–jeroen

Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, Apple, BSD, Home brew / homebrew, Linux, Mac, Mac OS X / OS X / MacOS, Power User | Leave a Comment »

Aliases for tools removed from `net-tools` package – via: openSUSE Build Service

Posted by jpluimers on 2016/06/16

Since quite a few commands that you regularly see mentioned on the web have been removed from OpenSuSE net-tools, I’ve created a few bash aliases in /etc/bash.bashrc.local below.

Note the original commands are not good have been deprecated for years on various distros and therefore removed:

# stuff removed from net-tools
# see https://features.opensuse.org/317197 and https://build.opensuse.org/package/view_file/network:utilities/net-tools/net-tools.changes
## Because of changes on Thu Apr 10 12:33:41 UTC 2014
alias "arp=echo 'use \"ip neigh\" or \"ip -r neight\"' && ip neigh"
alias "ifconfig=echo 'use \"ip a\"' && ip a"
alias "netstat= echo 'use \"ss\" or \"ss -r\"' && ss"
alias "route=echo 'use \"ip r\"' && ip r"
## Because of changes on Sun Mar 29 00:41:21 UTC 2015
alias "ipmaddr=echo 'use \"ip maddr\"' && ip maddr"
alias "iptunnel=echo 'use \"ip tunnel\"' && ip tunnel"

Some bits of the net-tools change-log:

-------------------------------------------------------------------
Sun Mar 29 00:41:21 UTC 2015 - jengelh@inai.de
- ipmaddr and iptunnel are obsolete too, move them to subpackage.
(Superseded by `ip maddr` and `ip tunnel`)
- remove redundant %clean section
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Thu Apr 10 12:33:41 UTC 2014 - mmarek@suse.cz
- Move arp, ifconfig, netstat and route to a -deprecated subpackage
(fate#317196, fate#317197)
- Drop the rarp tool, which has been broken since kernel 2.3

Note that the -lntu parameter seems to be the same for both ss and netstat: [WayBack] Get a list of Open Ports in Linux – Super User

–jeroen

via File net-tools.changes of Package net-tools – openSUSE Build Service.

Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, bash, bash, Development, Linux, openSuSE, Power User, Scripting, Software Development, SuSE Linux | Leave a Comment »

bash – How do I find all of the symlinks in a directory tree? – Stack Overflow

Posted by jpluimers on 2016/06/01

I needed to find the symlinks in /etc pointing to directories and know both the name and place they point to.

revue:~ # ls -al `find -L /etc/ -xtype l -type d`
find: ‘/etc/ssh/broken/ssh_host_dsa_key’: Too many levels of symbolic links
find: ‘/etc/ssh/broken/ssh_host_ecdsa_key’: Too many levels of symbolic links
find: ‘/etc/ssh/broken/ssh_host_key’: Too many levels of symbolic links
find: ‘/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key’: Too many levels of symbolic links
find: ‘/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key’: Too many levels of symbolic links
find: ‘/etc/ssh/ssh_host_key’: Too many levels of symbolic links
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 May  7 15:43 /etc/apparmor.d/cache -> /var/cache/apparmor
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  6 Sep 28  2014 /etc/rc.d -> init.d
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 May 23 13:50 /etc/squid/errors -> /usr/share/squid/errors/de
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Mar 25 22:07 /etc/ssl/certs -> /var/lib/ca-certificates/pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Apr 30 14:20 /etc/xdg/systemd/user -> ../../systemd/user

–jeroen

via: bash – How do I find all of the symlinks in a directory tree? – Stack Overflow.

Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, bash, bash, Development, Linux, openSuSE, Power User, Scripting, Software Development, SuSE Linux | Leave a Comment »

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