The Let’s Encrypt certbot (formerly letsencrypt) had some trouble on my machinery.
When trying to test if Apache default default · Issue #3307 · certbot/certbot and opensuse Tumbleweed: Each time I run certbot, a line with Listen 443 gets added to /etc/apache2/httpd.conf · Issue #3364 · certbot/certbot were fixed, I had to run certbot directly using specific github branches.
Normally certbot queries https://pypi.python.org/pypi/certbot/json to install the latest sanctioned version of itself. Which means this won’t work to run the version from github:
git clone https://github.com/certbot/certbot.git
cd certbot
./cerbot-auto <<command-line-parameters>>
But the below does:
git clone https://github.com/certbot/certbot.git
cd certbot
git checkout -b <<branch-name>>
./letsencrypt-auto-source/letsencrypt-auto --os-packages-only
./tools/venv.sh
source venv/bin/activate
cerbot <<command-line-parameters>>
The last statement will run ./venv/bin/certbot but you can also hard-code that (or perform which certbot to verify the directory is on the pat).
I used it to test with this branch:
git checkout -b origin/osrelease_like
The above are basically steps to setup a virtualenv as mentioned in Developer Guide — Certbot 0.9.0.dev0 documentation.
To undo, just run this from the certbot directory:
deactivate
rm -rf venv
The first statement will adjust your path and the second get rid of the virtual environment including all packages that were downloaded in it.
If you forgot to remove the venv directory, there might be old versions hanging around named like venv.1470590779.bak where the number in the middle is the number of seconds since unix epoch (1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC) which you might want to remove as well.
Inside the venv environment you can use all kinds of Python tools, for instance:
- Perform
pip install ipdb after which you can add import ipdb;ipdb.set_trace() to any source line to break right into the Python debugger. There, it will drop you into debug console, which is pretty much fully fledged Python interpreter.
- Run
pip freeze to show all installed Python packages.
While testing, you can use the --test-cert or --staging command-line-options to use the Let’s Encrypt staging-environment this prevent running into the live environment rate limits (the main ones at time of writing are a Duplicate Certificate limit of 5 certificates per week and a Certificates per Registered Domain limit of 20 per week, whichever limit is lower).
–jeroen
It got back memories of working on VT102 terminals and Hercules Graphics Cards adapters doing VAX-VMS (FORTRAN and Pascal) and DOS (Turbo Pascal) programming. The VT102 could do 132 columns (the VT52 only 80) and it was no coincidence that most HGC could do 132 columns as well.
There are lots of old copies floating around from the 
The Wiert Corner - irregular stream of stuff 