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Posted by jpluimers on 2022/08/25
No, Carbon is not the same thing as the same named MacOS Carbon API it .
Someone had to make it: [Wayback/Archive] Jeroen Wiert Pluimers on Twitter: “@d_feldman That has a net zero Carbon footprint, right? (OK, I’ll show myself out)”.
Luckily Googlers themselves are joking about it as well:
Posted in C, C++, Carbon, Development, Software Development | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2022/01/26
When working with converging algorithms, sometimes floating code can become very slow. That is: orders of magnitude slower than you would expect.
A very interesting answer to [Wayback] c++ – Why does changing 0.1f to 0 slow down performance by 10x? – Stack Overflow.
I’ve only quoted a few bits, read the full question and answer for more background information.
Welcome to the world of denormalized floating-point! They can wreak havoc on performance!!!
Denormal (or subnormal) numbers are kind of a hack to get some extra values very close to zero out of the floating point representation. Operations on denormalized floating-point can be tens to hundreds of times slower than on normalized floating-point. This is because many processors can’t handle them directly and must trap and resolve them using microcode.
If you print out the numbers after 10,000 iterations, you will see that they have converged to different values depending on whether
0or0.1is used.
Basically, the convergence uses some values closer to zero than a normal floating point representation dan store, so a trick is used called “denormal numbers or denormalized numbers (now often called subnormal numbers)” as described in Denormal number – Wikipedia:
…
In a normal floating-point value, there are no leading zeros in the significand; rather, leading zeros are removed by adjusting the exponent (for example, the number 0.0123 would be written as 1.23 × 10−2). Denormal numbers are numbers where this representation would result in an exponent that is below the smallest representable exponent (the exponent usually having a limited range). Such numbers are represented using leading zeros in the significand.
…
Since a denormal number is a boundary case, many processors do not optimise for this.
–jeroen
Posted in .NET, Algorithms, ARM, Assembly Language, C, C#, C++, Delphi, Development, Software Development, x64, x86 | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2021/07/22
A few years back, Ken Thompson’s 1980 Unix password got cracked.
It took that long because his password p/q2-q4! had enough entropy by using uncommon characters so the crypt(3) based hash ZghOT0eRm4U9s was hard to crack.
The password was an opening chess move noted in the variety of the descriptive notation. A shorter notation would have been P-Q4, which would require months to crack in that era.
In modern chess notation, it would be 1. d4, moving the Queen’s Pawn from d2 to d4.
References (many interesting messages in the TUHS thread below):
Posted in *nix, B, C, Development, Power User, Security, Software Development | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2021/07/07
There are quite a few posts that recommend using SetProcessWorkingSetSize to trim your process working set, usually in the SetProcessWorkingSetSize(ProcessHandle, -1, -1) form:
[WayBack] SetProcessWorkingSetSize function (winbase.h) | Microsoft Docs
Sets the minimum and maximum working set sizes for the specified process.
BOOL SetProcessWorkingSetSize( HANDLE hProcess, SIZE_T dwMinimumWorkingSetSize, SIZE_T dwMaximumWorkingSetSize );The working set of the specified process can be emptied by specifying the value
(SIZE_T)–1for both the minimum and maximum working set sizes. This removes as many pages as possible from the working set. The [WayBack] EmptyWorkingSet function can also be used for this purpose.
In practice you hardly ever have to do this, mainly because this will write – regardless of (dis)usage – all of your memory to the pagefile, even the memory your frequently use.
Windows has way better heuristics to do that automatically for you, skipping pages you frequently use.
It basically makes sense in a few use cases, for instance when you know that most (like 90% or more) of that memory is never going to be used again.
Another use case (with specific memory sizes) is when you know that your program is going to use a defined range of memory, which is outside what Windows will heuristically expect from it.
A few more links that go into more details on this:
SetProcessWorkingSetSize()controls the amount of RAM that your process uses, it doesn’t otherwise have any affect on the virtual memory size of your process. Windows is already quite good at dynamically controlling this, swapping memory pages out on demand when another process needs RAM.By doing this manually, you slow down your program a lot, causing a lot of page faults when Windows is forced to swap the memory pages back in.
SetProcessWorkingSetSizeis typically used to increase the amount of RAM allocated for a process. Or to force a trim when the app knows that it is going to be idle for a long time. Also done automatically by old Windows versions when you minimize the main window of the app.
The only good use case I’ve seen for this call is when you KNOW your process is going to hog a lot of the system’s RAM and you want to reserve it for the duration. You use it to tell the OS “Yes, I’m going to eat a lot of the system RAM during my entire run and don’t get in my way”.
We have found out that, for a GUI application written in Delphi for Win32/Win64 or written in a similar way that uses large and heavy libraries on top of the Win32 API (GDI, etc), it is worth calling
SetProcessWorkingSetSizeonce.We call it with -1, -1 parameters, within a fraction of second after the application has fully opened and showed the main window to the user. In this case, the
SetProcessWorkingSetSize(... -1, -1)releases lots of startup code that seem to not needed any more.
Don’t pinvoke this, just use the
Process.CurrentProcess.MinWorkingSetproperty directly.Very high odds that this won’t make any difference. Soft paging faults are entirely normal and resolved very quickly if the machine has enough RAM. Takes ~0.7 microseconds on my laptop. You can’t avoid them, it is the behavior of a demand_paged virtual memory operating system like Windows. Very cheap, as long as there is a free page readily available.
But if it “blips” you program performance then you need to consider the likelihood that it isn’t readily available and triggered a hard page fault in another process. The paging fault does get expensive if the RAM page must be stolen from another process, its content has to be stored in the paging file and has to be reset back to zero first. That can add up quickly, hundreds of microseconds isn’t unusual.
The basic law of “there is no free lunch”, you need to run less processes or buy more RAM. With the latter option the sane choice, 8 gigabytes sets you back about 75 bucks today. Complete steal.
I had an application which by default would close down entirely but keep listening for certain events. However, most of my code at that point would not be needed for a long time. To reduce the impact my process made, I called
SetProcessWorkingSetSize(-1,-1);. This meant Windows could take back the physical RAM and give it to other apps. I’d get my RAM back when events did arrive.That’s of course unrelated to your situation, and I don’t think you’d benefit.
If your goal is for your application to use less memory you should look elsewhere. Look for leaks, look for heap fragmentations look for optimisations and if you think FastMM is keeping you from doing so you should try to find facts to support it. If your goal is to keep your workinset size small you could try to keep your memory access local. Maybe FastMM or another memory manager could help you with it, but it is a very different problem compared to using to much memory.
…
you can check the FasttMM memory usage via FasttMM calls GetMemoryManagerState and GetMemoryManagerUsageSummary before and after calling API SetProcessWorkingSetSize.
…
I don’t need to use SetProcessWorkingSetSize. FastMM will eventually release the RAM.
To confirm that this behavior is generated by FastMM (as suggested by Barry Kelly) I crated a second program that allocated A LOT of RAM. As soon as Windows ran out of RAM, my program memory utilization returned to its original value.
Yes, it’s a bad thing. You’re telling the OS that you know more about memory management than it does, which probably isn’t true. You’re telling to to page all your inactive memory to disk. It obeys. The moment you touch any of that memory again, the OS has to page it back into RAM. You’re forcing disk I/O that you don’t actually know you need.
If the OS needs more free RAM, it can figure out which memory hasn’t been used lately and page it out. That might be from your program, or it might be from some other program. But if the OS doesn’t need more free RAM, then you’ve just forced a bunch of disk I/O that nobody asked for.
If you have memory that you know you don’t need anymore, free it. Don’t just page it to disk. If you have memory that the OS thinks you don’t need, it will page it for you automatically as the need arises.
Also, it’s usually unwise to call
Application.ProcessMessagesunless you know there are messages that your main thread needs to process that it wouldn’t otherwise process by itself. The application automatically processes messages when there’s nothing else to do, so if you have nothing to do, just let the application run itself.
–jeroen
Posted in .NET, C, C++, Delphi, Development, Software Development, Windows Development | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2021/06/24
Interesting takeaway from [WayBack] DCOM calls from thread pool threads
call
CoInitialize*at the start, and callCoUninitializebefore returning. Expensive, but necessary
Related:
–jeroen
Posted in .NET, C, C++, COM/DCOM/COM+, Delphi, Development, Software Development, Windows Development | Leave a Comment »
The Wiert Corner - irregular stream of stuff 