Archive for the ‘Linux’ Category
Posted by jpluimers on 2019/08/23
I forgot about the announcement that Signal had also become available on the Desktop, but it is via [WayBack] https://signal.org/download/:
- Mac
- Windows
- Debian based x64 Linux:
$ curl -s https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt/keys.asc | sudo apt-key add -
$ echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt xenial main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/signal-xenial.list
$ sudo apt update && sudo apt install signal-desktop
I like the mix of echo and tee to update the [WayBack] /etc/apt/sources.list.d folder with the signal-xenial.list file.
These links will always give you the latest download filename:
The files you get there will be relative to the path https://updates.signal.org/desktop/ so will be similar to:
You can get the sources at https://github.com/WhisperSystems/Signal-Desktop/releases
Via:
–jeroen
Posted in *nix, Android Devices, Apple, Debian, iMac, iOS, iPhone, Linux, Mac, Mac OS X / OS X / MacOS, MacBook, MacBook Retina, MacBook-Air, MacBook-Pro, MacMini, macOS 10.12 Sierra, Power User, Windows | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2019/07/01
The snapper documentation itself is big and hard to grasp at once, so start here for a few examples on how to get going, or how to assess your current configuration:
For a very good snapper introduction seems to be gone, but was present in the OpenSuSE documentation archive circa version 13.2 at [WayBack] Chapter 4. Snapshots/Rollback with Snapper | ActiveDoc which I’ve quoted below.
Between that version and LEAP, the retention got moved from “timeline” based to “number” based. More on that in these links:
Man pages:
Introduction
4.1.1 snapshots and Disk Space #
When a snapshot is created, both the snapshot and the original point to the same blocks in the file system. So, initially a snapshot does not occupy additional disk space. If data in the original file system is modified, changed data blocks are copied while the old data blocks are kept for the snapshot. Therefore, a snapshot occupies the same amount of space as the data modified. So, over time, the amount of space a snapshot allocates, constantly grows. As a consequence, deleting files from a Btrfs file system containing snapshots may not free disk space!
Note: Snapshot Location
Snapshots always reside on the same partition or subvolume that has been snapshotted. It is not possible to store snapshots on a different partition or subvolume.
As a result, partitions containing snapshots need to be larger than “normal” partitions. The exact amount strongly depends on the number of snapshots you keep and the amount of data modifications. As a rule of thumb you should consider using twice the size than you normally would.
Tip: Freeing space / Disk Usage
In order to free space on a Btrfs partition containing snapshots you need to delete unneeded snapshots rather than files. Older snapshots occupy more space than recent ones.
Since the df does not show the correct disk usage on Btrfs file systems, you need to use the command btrfs filesystem df MOUNT_POINT. Displaying the amount of disk space a snapshot allocates is currently not supported by the Btrfs tools.
–jeroen
Posted in *nix, Linux, openSuSE, Power User, SuSE Linux, Tumbleweed | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2019/06/07
`ls` colour codes
I got confused as I thought red text would mean an error.
But they’re not: greenish yellow on a read background means error (a symbolic link to a place that’s no longer there).
It’s the output of https://github.com/gkotian/gautam_linux/blob/master/scripts/colours.sh as the one at
Actually the script is here https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gkotian/gautam_linux/master/scripts/colours.sh as the one at [WayBack] command line – What do the different colors mean in the terminal? – Ask Ubuntu failed with errors like this one:
-bash: *.xbm: bad substitution
The full script output is below.
Since various terminals have a different mapping from colours in the ANSI escape code colour table, I used the standard HTML colours using (which slightly differs from the Terminal.app screenshot on the right):
References:
Note that the shell on Mac OS X uses a different way of configuring colours CLICOLOR as described in [WayBack] settings – CLICOLOR and LS_COLORS in bash – Unix & Linux Stack Exchange. I might cover that another day.
Script output:
Read the rest of this entry »
Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, ANSI escape code, bash, CSS, Development, Encoding, HTML, HTML5, Linux, openSuSE, Power User, Software Development, SuSE Linux, Tumbleweed, Web Development | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2019/05/27
A while ago, I somehow had a damaged btrfs partition that I found out after the virtualisation host without reason decided to reboot.
I’m not sure what caused that (by now the machine has been retired as it was already getting a bit old), but btrfs was panicking shortly after boot, so the VM as is was unusable.
In the end I had to:
- Boot from a Tumbleweed Rescue DVD (download Rescue CD – x86_64 from [WayBack] openSUSE:Tumbleweed installation – openSUSE)
- Add a fresh backup hard disk in read-write mote
- Mount the old one in read-only mode
rsync -avloz over as much as I could- Restore the VM from a backup
- Attach the backup hard disk
- Diff what I missed (only a few bits in the
/etc tree and my home directory for which I hadn’t yet pushed the git repositories).
These didn’t work, but might work for others: [WayBack] SDB:BTRFS – openSUSE – How to repair a broken/unmountable btrfs filesystem
–jeroen
Posted in *nix, btrfs, File-Systems, Linux, openSuSE, Power User, SuSE Linux, Tumbleweed | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2019/05/24
Some tips on pruning entries from the systemd journal:
For stock opensuse, this is also relevant, as it seems to allow indefinite growth: [WayBack] systemd – journald Settings likey need your attention
You can view disk usage with this command:
journalctl --disk-usage
–jeroen
Posted in *nix, Linux, Power User, systemd | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2019/05/16
To reset Ubuntu Unity or any other Linux desktop with GNOME/MATE DEs to its default settings, run:
dconf reset -f /
Source: [WayBack] Reset Linux Desktop To Default Settings With A Single Command – OSTechNix
I need to check if it works on OpenSuSE with XFCE as there the dconf command is installed, but I still have a default desktop (mainly because most of the work I do is using a terminal over ssh).
–jeroen
via: [Archive.is] Never thought about dconf reset… Joe C. Hecht – Google+
Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, Linux, Power User, X11 | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2019/05/13
Based on [WayBack] command line – How to access a usb flash drive from the terminal? – Ask Ubuntu
Figure out the device:
lsblksudo blkidsudo fdisk -l
Mount the device (assuming it is /dev/sdb1):
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /media/usbpmount /dev/sdb1udisksctl mount -b /dev/sdb1
Unmounting and eject is in [WayBack] Linux (Ubuntu): safely remove USB flash disk via command line – Stack Overflow
–jeroen
Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, Linux, Power User | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2019/04/26
Cool list of ls , sort and find to get the largest files, directories: [WayBack] How to Find Out Top Directories and Files (Disk Space) in Linux.
–jeroen
Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, Linux, Power User | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2019/04/22
I wondered [WayBack] linux – Why is this a binary multi-megabyte blob /etc/udev/hwdb.bin under /etc? – Unix & Linux Stack Exchange.
All my OpenSuSE systems had the /etc/udev/hwdb.bin file with sizes varying between 7.5 and 10 megabytes with many of the zypper dist-upgrade causing updates.
Luckily the system also contains these files which had valid unit definitions, so the file was generated/updated during boot:
/usr/bin/systemd-hwdb/usr/lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/systemd-hwdb-update.service/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-hwdb-update.service
Thanks [WayBack] nwildner for answering that question!
So after installing etckeeper and performing etckeeper init you can immediately remove it from the git repository:
# cd /etc
# git rm --cached /etc/udev/hwdb.bin
rm 'udev/hwdb.bin'
# git commit -m "no need for /etc/udev/hwdb.bin to be under revision control as systemd-hwdb maintains it"
For more background, see [WayBack] How to make Git “forget” about a file that was tracked but is now in .gitignore? – Stack Overflow.
–jeroen
Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, etckeeper, Linux, openSuSE, Power User, SuSE Linux, systemd, Tumbleweed | Leave a Comment »
Posted by jpluimers on 2019/04/15
If you see the below in your Postfix log when trying to test your config, then the SASL configuration is empty. Oddly that seems the default on OpenSuSE for a while now, despite it providing cyrus SASL out of the box.
Sep 15 14:30:07 katrien postfix/smtpd[12719]: fatal: bad string length 0 < 1: smtpd_sasl_path =
Sep 15 14:30:08 katrien postfix/master[12400]: warning: process /usr/lib/postfix/smtpd pid 12719 exit status 1
Sep 15 14:30:08 katrien postfix/master[12400]: warning: /usr/lib/postfix/smtpd: bad command startup -- throttling
Prior OpenSuSE versions had this in /etc/postfix/main.cf:
# SASL stuff
############################################################
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = no
smtp_sasl_security_options =
smtp_sasl_password_maps =
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = no
#smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
#smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
Newer OpenSuSE versions have this:
# SASL stuff
############################################################
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = no
smtp_sasl_security_options =
smtp_sasl_password_maps =
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = no
# cyrus : smtpd_sasl_type = cyrus, smtpd_sasl_path = smtpd
# dovecot : smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot, smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_path =
smtpd_sasl_type =
Despite the newer having these installed:
# rpm -qa | grep cyrus
cyrus-sasl-crammd5-2.1.26-14.2.aarch64
cyrus-sasl-2.1.26-14.2.aarch64
cyrus-sasl-plain-2.1.26-14.2.aarch64
cyrus-sasl-digestmd5-2.1.26-14.2.aarch64
cyrus-sasl-gssapi-2.1.26-14.2.aarch64
Solution:
smtpd_sasl_path = smtpd
smtpd_sasl_type = cyrus
Since the values for both lines are default, you could even comment them out; see the documentation:
–jeroen
Via: [WayBack] postfix IRC logs [July 26 – 2007]
Posted in *nix, *nix-tools, Linux, openSuSE, postfix, Power User, SuSE Linux, Tumbleweed | Leave a Comment »
The Wiert Corner - irregular stream of stuff 