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Archive for the ‘OpenSSL’ Category

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Hardening: sshd_config – How to configure the OpenSSH server | SSH.COM

Posted by jpluimers on 2020/06/05

If you want to harden your ssh server, read at least [WayBack] sshd_config – How to configure the OpenSSH server | SSH.COM.

After that use some ssh tools to check your config from the outside world. They work in a similar way as the TLS/SSL/https scans from Source: SSL Server Test (Powered by Qualys SSL Labs) or these console based scans and documentation references:

Simiarly for SSH:

Then read further on more in depth SSH topics around key management:

–jeroen

 

Posted in Encryption, Hashing, https, HTTPS/TLS security, OpenSSL, Power User, Security, testssl.sh | Leave a Comment »

openssl: checking out RSA private key files in .rsa and .pem format

Posted by jpluimers on 2019/03/19

While checking out an issue with the SSH server for ContinuaCI issue (see info below), I wanted to look at the files leading to the issue: .pem and .rsa files with the private key for the SSH server.

So I browsed through my series of openssl related articles to see if I already had made a script better explaining the cryptic openssl command-line parameters. I didn’t have it yet, but it turned out to be really simple:

C:\ProgramData\VSoft\ContinuaCI\SSHD>"C:\Program Files (x86)\Git\usr\bin\openssl.exe" rsa -in server_keypair.rsa
writing RSA key
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
...
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
C:\ProgramData\VSoft\ContinuaCI\SSHD>"C:\Program Files (x86)\Git\usr\bin\openssl.exe" rsa -in server_keypair.rsa -text
Private-Key: (1024 bit)
modulus:
    ..:..:..:.....
publicExponent: 35 (0x23)
privateExponent:
    ..:..:..:.....
prime1:
    ..:..:..:.....
prime2:
    ..:..:..:.....
exponent1:
    ..:..:..:.....
exponent2:
    ..:..:..:.....
coefficient:
    ..:..:..:.....
writing RSA key
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
...
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
C:\ProgramData\VSoft\ContinuaCI\SSHD>"C:\Program Files (x86)\Git\usr\bin\openssl.exe" rsa -in server_keypair.pem
Enter pass phrase for server_keypair.pem:
unable to load Private Key
2675996:error:06065064:digital envelope routines:EVP_DecryptFinal_ex:bad decrypt:evp_enc.c:529:
2675996:error:23077074:PKCS12 routines:PKCS12_pbe_crypt:pkcs12 cipherfinal error:p12_decr.c:108:
2675996:error:2306A075:PKCS12 routines:PKCS12_item_decrypt_d2i:pkcs12 pbe crypt error:p12_decr.c:139:
2675996:error:0907B00D:PEM routines:PEM_READ_BIO_PRIVATEKEY:ASN1 lib:pem_pkey.c:141:
C:\ProgramData\VSoft\ContinuaCI\SSHD>"C:\Program Files (x86)\Git\usr\bin\openssl.exe" rsa -in server_keypair.pem -passin pass:password
unable to load Private Key
2675996:error:06065064:digital envelope routines:EVP_DecryptFinal_ex:bad decrypt:evp_enc.c:529:
2675996:error:23077074:PKCS12 routines:PKCS12_pbe_crypt:pkcs12 cipherfinal error:p12_decr.c:108:
2675996:error:2306A075:PKCS12 routines:PKCS12_item_decrypt_d2i:pkcs12 pbe crypt error:p12_decr.c:139:
2675996:error:0907B00D:PEM routines:PEM_READ_BIO_PRIVATEKEY:ASN1 lib:pem_pkey.c:141:

The command-lines use the [WayBack]rsa tool with:

  • the -in parameter
  • (for the first file) the -text parameter to dump it into human readable form
  • (for the second file) the -passin parameter with a [WayBack] pass phrase argument pass:password.

The server_keypair.pem file (having the header -----BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY----- and footer -----END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----) was a password protected RSA private key where somehow ContinuaCI had the wrong password for.

I’m not sure it’s a good idea that the server_keypair.pem file has not password at all.

Read the rest of this entry »

Posted in Continua CI, Continuous Integration, Development, OpenSSL, Power User, Security, Software Development | Leave a Comment »

ngHttp2 and OpenSSL win32/i386/x86 and win64/x64_86 (a.k.a. x86_64) builds for Windows

Posted by jpluimers on 2018/08/08

[WayBack] ngHttp2 DLLs has a simple a version scheme. The build inside the Windows PHP distribution includes these version numbers. The TreadSafe versions work as plug in replacement for github.com/grijjy/DelphiScalableClientSockets/tree/master/Bin which is used by github.com/grijjy/GrijjyFoundation/blob/master/Grijjy.Http.pas#L11. You obtain them via [WayBack] PHP For Windows: Binaries and sources Releases; and at the time of writing these were the most recent versions:

[WayBack] OpenSSL DLLs has a much more complex version scheme, as they are numeric but OpenSSL releases are not.

  • DLLs have four numbers a.b.c.d
  • OpenSSL versions have three numbers and a letter a.b.c.x
  • The letter matches the fourth digit, though the ones marked with * have not been used yet:
    # letter # letter # letter # letter # letter remark
    1 a 6 f 11 k 16 p 21 u
    2 b 7 g 12 l 17 q 22 v *
    3 c 8 h 13 m 18 r 23 w *
    4 d 9 i 14 n 19 s 24 x *
    5 e 10 j 15 o 20 t 25 y *
    26 z *

[WayBack] Index of /SSL has “Pre-compiled Win32/64 libraries without external dependencies to the Microsoft Visual Studio Runtime DLLs, except for the system provided msvcrt.dll.”

These work no matter what development/deployment stacks you use (including a Visual Studio based stack).

The most recent version as of writing is 1.0.2o, which maps to 1.0.2.20 which contains libeay32.dll and ssleay32.dll for both the i386-win32 and x86_64-win64 build (not sure why they both use 32 in the name):

openssl-1.0.2o-i386-win32.zip
openssl-1.0.2o-x64_86-win64.zip which supports x86_64 as this site is about the only one using x64_86 in the name

Background reading:

These binaries are for instance used by (most of them are behind or far behind on the OpenSSL version):

  • Avira Antivirus
  • subversion
  • git mingw64
  • VMware Tools
  • Microsoft OneDrive
  • Delphi Indy communications library

Speaking of which: this is a recent Delphi wrapper around libeay32.dll: [WayBack] GitHub – lminuti/Delphi-OpenSSL: Delphi implementation of OpenSSL

–jeroen

Posted in Delphi, Development, OpenSSL, Power User, Security, Software Development | 2 Comments »

Use TLS 1.2 or higher, as TLS 1.1 is phased out on many sites, after TLS 1.0/SLL has been disabled by most for a while now

Posted by jpluimers on 2018/07/23

If you get an error like this in one of your tools

OpenSSL: error:1407742E:SSL routines:SSL23_GET_SERVER_HELLO:tlsv1 alert protocol version

it means you are using a tool not yet properly supporting TLS 1.2 or higher.

Or in other words: update your tool set.

The reason is that – after turning off TLS 1.0 a while ago – more and more sites do the same for TLS 1.1.

A prime example of a site that warned on this in a clear way very early on is github:

Others have done this too, for instance:

TLS 1.0 is vulnerable to many attacks, and certain configurations of TLS 1.1 as well (see for instance [WayBack] What are the main vulnerabilities of TLS v1.1? – Information Security Stack Exchange), which means that properly configuring the non-vulnerable TLS 1.1 over times gets more and more complex. An important reason to say goodbye to that as well, as TLS 1.2 (from 2008) is readily available for a long time. The much more recent TLS 1.3 (from 2018) will take a while to proliferate.

I ran in the above error because on one of my systems, an old version of wget was luring around, so I dug up the easiest place to download recent Windows binaries for both win32 (x86) and win64 (x86_64):

[WayBack] eternallybored.org: GNU Wget for Windows having a table indicating the OpenSSL version for each wget build.

–jeroen

Reference: Transport Layer Security – Wikipedia: History and development

Posted in *nix, https, HTTPS/TLS security, OpenSSL, Power User, Security, wget | Leave a Comment »

Packet Sender is a good tool when debugging protocols: free utility to send & receive network packets. TCP, UDP, SSL

Posted by jpluimers on 2018/03/07

It was fitting to bump into [WayBack] Packet Sender is a good tool when debugging protocols…” Written by Dan Nagle… – Lars Fosdal – Google+ on the day presenting [WayBack] Conferences/Network-Protocol-Security.rst at master · jpluimers/Conferences · GitHub

It also means that libssh2-delphi is getting a bit more love soon and will move to github as well after a conversion from mercurial.

Some of the things I learned or got confirmed teaching the session (I love learning by teaching):

Here is some more info:

–jeroen

Read the rest of this entry »

Posted in Communications Development, Delphi, Development, Encryption, HTTP, https, HTTPS/TLS security, Internet protocol suite, Let's Encrypt (letsencrypt/certbot), OpenSSL, Power User, Security, Software Development, TCP, TLS | Leave a Comment »

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